Child Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3

Numerous guardians adjust to changes in their lives and as a rule have the help of loved ones to give help. Numerous families anyway can confront issues that influence the family life and regularly need backing to support them. Factors, for example, budgetary Difficulties could turn into an issue as this would imply that they can't manage the cost of food or dress along these lines driving towards destitution and unexpected weakness which can cause depression.Also poor lodging would impact the youngster as they may not have a nursery to move about in and there may not be a play park around causing the kid to get limited from outside play. Another factor could be joblessness, which means no activity, which may impact the youngster as there would be no pay. In the event that a solitary parent, this would imply that they would need to work yet in addition implying that the youngster would need to be moved some place to be dealt with importance sepaeration would need to occur between the parent and child.Divorce and partition would likewise imply that the kid would conceivably need to move home to a littler structure implying that the conditions would be confined and the parent may need to recieve lower salary Lower pay Smaller lodging/squeezed conditions There are four unique kinds of Sectors that give care and instruction to kids. They are; Statutory Sector Voluntary Sector Private Sector. Autonomous A Statutory Sector is a Sector that must be there by law, so dental specialist, nearby schools and medical clinics are a piece of this.Local schools must be there by law and make some store by the administration. The age extend that schools spread is from 5 years to 11 years olds. They follow a set routine where gathering covers the EYFS and afterward year one to year six covers the national educational program. Schools are open from nine AM to half three toward the evening, from Monday to Fridays, term times as it were. This implies schools are shut at Christmas, Ea ster, summer and half terms.Schools are in simple access regions, where there is sufficient space for an outside play zone for instance the play area and indoor space, for instance some place to do P. E. A neighborhood school can be adjusted, for instance inclines for individuals with incapacities and for individuals to think that its simple to get to the school. A neighborhood school ought to likewise incorporate tidbits; they ought to be sound bites like foods grown from the ground. They ought to likewise incorporate toileting times for the kids. Legal Schools are typically free aside from installment for school suppers, school excursions and some snacks.A Voluntary Sector is a part, which individuals volunteer to sort out and run, so mother, little child and Pre school bunches are separated of this. The point of a Statutory Sector School is to give chances of training to each youngster and to help their adapting additionally making a protected and secure condition for kids to kee p them from hurt. Another point is to give social chances to the youngster this will incorporate figuring out how to make companions, figuring out how to associate with individuals, learning the contrast among grown-ups and kids and figuring out how to regard others.It may likewise give chances to the family by meeting unseasoned parents so they are making new companions and it might likewise demonstrate as help for families as they would discover individuals to depend on and furthermore a few administrations however school to help bolster them. An autonomous division are organizations with more opportunity to sort out their arrangement. Their administrations may not depend on government financing and doesn't need to follow the EYFS or the National Curriculum. Anyway the administration might be OFSTED assessed to ensure kids' government assistance needs are being met. Administrations of free arrangement incorporate autonomous schools and nurseries. Kid Care Nvq Level 3 Unit 8 E3 Numerous guardians adjust to changes in their lives and for the most part have the help of loved ones to give help. Numerous families anyway can confront issues that influence the family life and frequently need backing to support them. Factors, for example, monetary Difficulties could turn into an issue as this would imply that they can't manage the cost of food or apparel along these lines driving towards destitution and unforeseen weakness which can cause depression.Also poor lodging would impact the youngster as they may not have a nursery to move about in and there may not be a play park around causing the kid to get confined from outside play. Another factor could be joblessness, which means no activity, which may impact the kid as there would be no salary. On the off chance that a solitary parent, this would imply that they would need to work yet in addition implying that the kid would need to be moved some place to be dealt with importance sepaeration would need to occur betw een the parent and child.Divorce and detachment would likewise imply that the kid would conceivably need to move home to a littler structure implying that the conditions would be confined and the parent may need to recieve lower pay Lower pay Smaller lodging/squeezed conditions There are four unique kinds of Sectors that give care and training to youngsters. They are; Statutory Sector Voluntary Sector Private Sector. Free A Statutory Sector is a Sector that must be there by law, so dental specialist, nearby schools and emergency clinics are a piece of this.Local schools must be there by law and make some store by the administration. The age extend that schools spread is from 5 years to 11 years olds. They follow a set routine where gathering covers the EYFS and afterward year one to year six covers the national educational program. Schools are open from nine AM to half three toward the evening, from Monday to Fridays, term times as it were. This implies schools are shut at Christmas , Easter, summer and half terms.Schools are in simple access regions, where there is sufficient space for an outside play zone for instance the play area and indoor space, for instance some place to do P. E. A nearby school can be adjusted, for instance inclines for individuals with handicaps and for individuals to think that its simple to get to the school. A nearby school ought to likewise incorporate tidbits; they ought to be solid bites like foods grown from the ground. They ought to likewise incorporate toileting times for the kids. Legal Schools are generally free aside from installment for school meals, school outings and some snacks.A Voluntary Sector is a division, which individuals volunteer to sort out and run, so mother, little child and Pre school bunches are separated of this. The point of a Statutory Sector School is to give chances of training to each youngster and to help their adapting additionally making a protected and secure condition for kids to keep them from hurt. Another point is to give social chances to the youngster this will incorporate figuring out how to make companions, figuring out how to associate with individuals, learning the distinction among grown-ups and kids and figuring out how to regard others.It may likewise give chances to the family by meeting unseasoned parents so they are making new companions and it might likewise demonstrate as help for families as they would discover individuals to depend on and furthermore a few administrations however school to help bolster them. An autonomous division are organizations with more opportunity to sort out their arrangement. Their administrations may not depend on government subsidizing and doesn't need to follow the EYFS or the National Curriculum. Anyway the administration might be OFSTED reviewed to ensure kids' government assistance needs are being met. Administrations of free arrangement incorporate autonomous schools and nurseries.

Food Hygeine

4. 3 Describe fundamental sanitation while giving food and drink to kids and youngsters The Prevention of Food Poisoning Store food securely Keep food chilly, the cooler ought to be kept as cold as conceivable without freezing the food ( 1-5 . c or 34-41. c) Freezers ought to be kept at - 18 or beneath Cover or wrap food with food wrap of microwave stick film Never refreeze food Do not utilize food that is past the sell-by date Always read guidelines on food bundling while putting away food Once a tin is open store in a secured potStore crude nourishments at the base of the ice chest in the event of any trickling onto prepared food Always wash turns in warm lathery water and dry completely before taking care of food Wear clean defensive apparel when in the kitchen Keep food secured consistently Wash all leafy foods before use Never hack or wheeze over food Always spread cuts with a blue mortar Keep work surfaces and cleaving loads up clean utilize distinctive hued slashing loads up f or crude meat crude fish products of the soil Make sure that meat is cooked through before serving Avoid crude eggs as you could get salmonellaWhen warming food ensure it is hot entirely through the dish to execute any germs Keeping the Kitchen Safe Teach the youngsters to wash their hands before eating or getting ready food and after they have utilized the latrine Keep it clean to dodge flies and different creepy crawlies in the kitchen Stay away from the kitchen on the off chance that you have infection or loose bowels Keep the kitchen clean: Clean work surfaces, the floor, utensils, sink, fabrics and garbage receptacles Tea towels and wash materials ought to be kept perfect and washed normally Keep all junk containers secured and void them regularlyKeep sharp blades and scissors put away securely where the kids can't contact them Good Food Hygiene When serving, planning and gathering up food after dinners and snacks you ought to watch the principles of food cleanliness. 1. Wash h ands with warm foamy water and dry them altogether 2. Wear clean defensive attire 3. Guarantee any cleaning up is finished with heated water and cleaning up fluid and wear elastic gloves.If conceivable put the cleaning up in a dish washer. 4. Tea towels ought to be washed consistently and clean ones ought to be utilized day by day. 5. Never hack or wheeze over food or drink Wearing Aprons Wearing covers assists with securing garments and to stop the spread of germs Hand Washing Chopping Boards Using diverse hued slashing sheets assists with forestalling cross †contamination while getting ready food.

Preparing a Heart Attack Essay

Preparing a Heart Attack EssayThis article is about the essay on your heart attack. This means the essay that you have on the topic of your health and the symptoms of the condition. In a heartbeat, a great number of people are affected by heart problems.If this is the case for you, then it is important that you know the basics about heart and health issues. The following information will help you prepare a good heart attack essay.If you are aware of the things that affect your heart, you will be able to relate more easily when you write on the subject. By knowing what goes on in your body, you will be able to talk about the same things when you have a heart attack essay. There are also times when people need to describe the problem they have had. By sharing how your heart feels, you will be able to ease their tension and allow them to focus on other things.When you are writing on your heart attack, you should avoid the common mistakes. First, you should make sure that the essay is ba sed on facts. It should not be fiction, as this will only confuse the reader. Second, it should be informative and should discuss the points that are important.The importance of writing a document on health problems is to educate others and give them the information they need. You should make use of simple sentences and speak in a smooth manner. It is important that you avoid using technical terms so that the reader will not get confused when reading it. If the essay is well researched, the reader will be able to understand it.Some of the common health problems that one can suffer from include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and obesity. A great deal of information is needed when dealing with these issues. People often become confused when they go to the doctor and find out that they have a heart problem. Since you are able to understand some of the problems that people have with their heart, you will be able to explain them to others.If you are already suffering from health i ssues, you should be patient and wait for the situation to improve. You should not despair. There are many remedies that you can do at home. You should just continue to do the best that you can. You should also try to avoid eating unhealthy foods and start exercising.There are other ways to help the condition that you may be suffering from. It will be up to you if you will be willing to share your experience with others or if you will not. Either way, you should continue to let your condition show the world that you are still alive.

The Twin Towers - 1535 Words

Donald E. Crawford U.S History June 10, 2009 The Attacks of the World Trade Centers Over 200,000 tons of steel, 425,000 cubic yards of concrete, a total of 10,000 workers and 7 years, 2 buildings were created known as the World Trade Centers. It s more than its signature twin towers: it was a complex of seven buildings on 16-acres with its own zip code (10048). The construction of the buildings began in 1966 and was completed in April 1973, with the North tower opening 2 years prior of the South. They both consist of 110 floors, and were ranked as the tallest buildings in the world until the Sears Towers was built in 1974. The towers were built downtown-lower Manhattan Development Association by Chase Manhattan Bank chairman David†¦show more content†¦Although the 106th floor wasn’t hit, everyone above that floor was also killed, due to the fact that their escape routes were cut off by fire. Most people jumped out the windows because there was nothing else to do nor was there anywhere to go. After witnessing th e plane hit the first tower, people in the second tower began to fear for their lives and try to escape, but they were told to stay at their desks thinking that their building wouldn’t be Williams 4 attacked, but little did they know moments later they were hit. Although the North Tower was hit first, the South Tower had collapsed less than in hour later, due to the fact that it was hit lower. All firefighters, soldiers, police officers and everyone else who was trying to escape were crushed. Exactly 29 minutes later, the North Tower joined its twin as it crashed onto the ground killing hundreds and thousands of people that was in and around both towers. People on the ground were running for their lives as clouds of debris and smoke covered the streets of lower Manhattan. Due to the fact that the Twin Towers was big, no one really knows exactly how many people were dead, but they were able to estimate that about 2,985 people were dead or missing, including the 19 hijackers. The North Tower has been estimated to have killed almost 1,402 people, and the South 614 people. There were mostly people between the ages of 35 and 39 thatShow MoreRelatedThe Twin Towers908 Words   |  4 PagesThe twin towers was a beautiful building that for people to live in. Until September 2011 when terrorists came and blew it up and then thousands of people died and families lost their loved ones in that blow up and now they know they will not get them back again. This is a day that no-one and the world will never forget because what happened there was terrible and horrific. On that day there were a lot of heroes that some people did not know that helped them. Tis attack shocked a lot of people becauseRead MoreThe Construction Of The Twin Towers1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Construction of the Twin Towers 　　　 Foundation system 　　　 　　　In the beginning of the project, the surveying team discovered a steep limestone cliff beneath the surface of the original site for the Petronas Twin Towers.This would cause failure to the foundation resulting on a higher cost and the need for exceptional experts to build the foundation as planned. It alarmed the whole construction team to come up with a whole new strategy to overcome the problem which ended up with the movement ofRead MoreThe On The Twin Towers1634 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most photographed, videoed and telecast events in human history(QUOTE), the attacks of September 11 (9/11/2001) on the Twin Towers, provide a case study for the power of an image, in this case, an image of disaster. Images are defined as a â€Å"visual impression† (QUOTE) something that captures the essence of a moment. With reference to images of disaster, these photographs aim to capture the grief, the loss and the immeasurable suffering of those involved. So what, it may be asked, is theRead MoreCollapse of the Twin Towers1732 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the Twin Towers collapsed on September 11, 2001, they made a sound heard around New York as a roar, or distant thunder. The South Tower was the first to go. Its upper floors tilted briefly before dropping, and driving the building straight down to the ground. Many people died, and many others were lucky enough to make it out alive. Twenty-nine minutes later the North Tower collapsed with much the same result as the first. The two symbols of America’s economy were gone, and not even theRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Twin Towers872 Words   |  4 Pages The bombing of the Twin Towers turned America’s focused toward the Middle East. The War on Terrorism began in earnest. This war has brought about more than one conflict. As a nation, the United States is unique. The government is not run by any particular regime or religion, there is freedom. Yet, this is our unique bran d of freedom. The Middle East is full of peoples with their own way of life that do not necessarily agree with the way we see freedom. Lila Abu-Lughod discusses one of the many differenceRead MoreThe Bombing Of Twin Towers1654 Words   |  7 Pages Twin Towers as known as World Trade Center in New York, U.S.A. were opened on April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in the 2001. Twin towers were one of the largest trading buildings in the world. Lot’s of people worked for it and visited there. They had almost controlled U.S. economy when they were existed. However, they got attacked on Setember, 2001. The attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group Al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of TuesdayRead MoreThe Bombing Of The Twin Towers1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe bombing of the Twin Towers in 2001 began a darker age in history. This age would include acts of extreme violence, secrecy, intelligence, counterintelligence, and a general lack of trust between any two people, not to mention any two countries. In the midst of this, there was a group of countries in Europe that forewent the distrust and trusted each other enough to open borders between their countries. The agreement which in 1985, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, PortugalRead MoreProject Planning and the Twin Towers1455 Words   |  6 PagesPETRONAS TWIN TOWERS AND THE PROJECT PLANNING CYCLE PROF. TAN SRI DR. SULAIMAN BIN MAHBOB KPB3263 PROJECT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT SYAHRUL NIZZAM BIN NORDIN KLC1080107 OCTOBER 1, 2012 INTRODUCTION In many developing countries including Malaysia, project planning has been criticized by the World Bank and other organizations for the lack of executing projects, such as delays, corruption, etc. However, project planning is becoming an â€Å"increasingly important role in the public administrationRead MoreMy Experience At The Twin Towers Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesmoment when the twin towers fell on September 11th 2001? (ask them to share their experience) b. Introduce Topic: I will then share my experience: I remember this memory like it was yesterday. I was 3 years old at the time and I just got back from a walk with my mom. When all of a sudden her friend came banging on the door. When my mom opened the door her friend just kept repeating â€Å"turn on the TV! The twin towers are falling.† Us 3 sat there in devastation and just watched the towers fall. c. IntroduceRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack On The Twin Towers1661 Words   |  7 PagesThis is very similar at how other American citizens were willing to help after the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers. Christopher Peterson and Nansook Park, writers of A Positive Psychology Perspective On Post-9/11 Security, says, â€Å"Our ongoing study of character strengths has found that post-9/11, people reported that they were more likely to display the theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity†(Peterson). Which is a clear reminder of how people acted during and after 9/11. As a small example

Fun Ideas for Last Day of School Activities

On the last day of school, the kids have mentally checked out, the teachers arent far behind, and theres no more time for long-term projects. But, we still need to fill the day with something productive in order to keep the natives from getting ridiculously restless and out of line. If youre wondering how to organize the last day of the school year so that its as fun and memorable as possible, consider these ideas. Write a Letter to Next Years Students Ask your students to write a letter to the students you will teach next year. The kids can offer tips for success in your classroom, favorite memories, inside jokes, anything that a new student in your room might need or want to know. Youll get a kick out of seeing what the kids remember and how they perceive you and your classroom. And you have a ready-made activity for the first day of school next year. Make a Memory Book   Design a simple little book for the kids to fill out on the last day(s) of school. Include sections for my favorite memory, a self-portrait, autographs, what I learned, a drawing of the classroom, etc. Get creative and your students will appreciate a memory book of their year in your room. Clean, Clean, Clean Use the power of youthful energy and elbow grease to lessen the  load you face in closing down and cleaning up your classroom. Kids will love to scrub desks, take down posters, straighten up books, whatever you ask them to do. Write all of the tasks on index cards, pass them out, turn up the music, and supervise. A cute idea is to play The Coasters Yakety Yak while they clean. It sings, Take out the papers and the trash, or you dont get no spending cash! Dare them to finish their jobs before the song is over. Assign Impromptu Speeches Think of 20 quick speech topics and have the kids choose them from a jar. Give them just a few minutes to prepare mentally and then call them up for spur-of-the-moment speeches. Fun topics include Convince us to buy the shirt you are wearing now or How would the school be different if you were principal? Click here for a complete list of topics. The audience loves to watch and the speakers will love getting creative in front of the class. Play Outdoor Games Dust off that outdoor games book that you never had time to use this year and pick a few activities for the last day of school. A great choice is Guy Baileys The Ultimate Playground and Recess Game Book. The kids will be antsy anyways so you might as well put their energy and excitement to good use. Organize Learning Game Centers   The children wont even realize theyre learning. Pool together all of the educational games in your classroom. Split the class into small groups and designate centers in the room for each game. Set the timer and give each group a certain amount of time with each game. Give the signal and then the groups rotate around the room so everyone gets a chance to play all of the games. Focus on Next Year Give the kids time to write, draw, or discuss how things will be different in the next grade level. For example, third graders will love to imagine what they will learn, look like, act like, and feel like when they are finally in the world of fourth grade. Its only a year but to them, it seems a universe away. Hold a Spelling Bee Hold a traditional Spelling Bee using all of the spelling words from the whole school year. This one can take quite a while, but its certainly educational. Go Back to Back Use a safety pin to attach a large index card or thicker piece of paper to each childs back. Then, the kids go around and write nice comments and memories on each others backs. When youre all done, each child gets to keep his or her note with compliments and fun times written on it. Teachers, you can jump in, too. You just might have to bend down so that they can reach your back. Write Thank You Notes Teach your children to recognize and appreciate those individuals who helped make them successful this school year - the principal, secretary, food service workers, librarian, parent volunteers, even the teacher next door. This may be a good project to start a few days before the last day of school so that you can really do it right. Edited By: Janelle Cox.

Malcolm X An Influential Leader Of The Civil Rights Era

Malcolm X was one of the most influential leaders of the civil rights era, along with Martin Luther King Jr. I have chosen this speech because I think it shows prime examples of rhetoric. This speech was very important to the people of the civil rights movement as it motivated and empowered them not to back down and to fight back with force. He was adamant in his resistance to white oppression and very militant in his actions. He both invigorated and separated the African Americans through his controversial views and speech and often urged black men and women to use violence. This was a definite contrast to the way of Martin Luther King conducted his followers, he preached peace and unity while X took a more aggressive approach. The Ballot or the Bullet became one of Malcolm X s most recognizable phrases along with by any means necessary . The Ballot or the Bullet speech was delivered on April 12, 1964, at Cory Methodist Church in Cleveland, Ohio. This speech can be seen as a call to action for the audience. There are many similarities between and differences between Malcolm x’s planned speech and Martin Luther King’s spontaneous speech. Martin Luther King was the leader of the peaceful protests that occurred in the civil rights movement. To this day his speeches are very important in the black community and are a very important part of black history. Dr King and Malcolm X are two of the most prominent African American leaders of the civilShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X and the Civil Rights Movement Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement includes social movements in the United States whose objective was to end racial segregation as well as discrimination against African-Americans. Civil rights are a class of rights that protects individuals freedom and ensure ones ability to participate in the civil and political life. Civil rights include the ensuring of life and safety, protection from an individual. The United States tries to get voting rights for them. The phase of the movement began in 1954 and endedRead MoreMalcolm X Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X was one of the most prominent and controversial leaders during the civil rights era of the 1950’s and 1960’s. By the early 1960’s he had grown frustrated with the non violent, integrated struggle for civil rights and worried that blacks would ultimately lose control of their own m ovement. Malcolm X was a key spokesman for the nation of Islam, epitomized the â€Å"Black Power† philosophy. Malcolm became an influential leader of the nation of islam, which combined Islam with black nationalismRead MoreFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words   |  3 Pagesnot always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because, you are not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in, and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his lifeRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1260 Words   |  6 Pages It was an era where blacks couldn’t have the same rights as a white individual. African American were treated with hate and anger. The Civil Rights Movement is embodied in dramatic recorded speeches. Speeches like â€Å"I have A Dream†, the â€Å"Black Revolution†, and â€Å"Black Power’ and Coalition Politics. These speeches were written by great leaders. Martin Luther King Jr, Malcolm X, and Bayard Rusting were just some of the wise leaders of the Civil Rights. However, these influential leaders had a differentRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages1960’s was an era of major conflict between African Americans and whites in the United States which led to discrimination and disorder in the states. African Americans were fortunate to have outstanding leaders who fought for a difference and change during the Civil Rights movement. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two powerful individuals who gave hope to African Americans and oppressed people in the Un ited States. They are both well known individuals for their Civil Rights protestingRead MoreTurmoil During The Civil Rights Era843 Words   |  4 Pages TURMOIL DURING THE CIVIL RIGHTS ERA Salma Nawar History Mr. Germaneri May 12, 2015 Nawar 1 Assassinations in American history have had a great impact on the social system. Upheavals based on opinion within a society cause chaos and discourse. Assassinations have major consequences not just on the country in question, but on everyone. For example, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to the United States entering World War I. The United States didn’t want to enterRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Civil Rights Movement1339 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement is one of the most influential events from all of America’s history. This fight started long before the ‘60s and has continued long after. All minority groups will face the struggle for rights at some time. This movement just happened to be for the African Americans in the 1960s. During this era, there were several leaders and events that experienced success in their endeavors to get rid of segregation and create equal opportunities for all. One of the most famous leadersRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Ballot or the Bullet Sppech by Malcolm X1359 Words   |  6 PagesAs one of the most proficient civil rights activist of the 1960s, Malcolm X and his speeches were very influential but particularly one speech was highly esteemed, that being the Ballot or the Bullet speech. A speech that was given after the I have A Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King. Despite, Dr. Martin Luther King being a pacifist and also a civil rights activist as well; Malcolm X was more tyrannical and advocated the use of violence. During this era, the democrats were in control of theRead MoreMalcolm X As A Transformational Leader2159 Words   |  9 Pagesmovement for Black equality, Malcolm Little, later known as Malcolm X, evolved into a transformational leader. The effects of his leadership were felt around the world during the 1960s. Americans were faced with great uncertainty during this time. For all minority groups in the United States, p olitics, the government and its laws, and society as a whole were changing drastically. In response to years of oppression, a collection of concerned groups formed the civil rights movement which rallied AfricanRead MoreMalcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis509 Words   |  2 Pages Malcolm X: By Any Means Necessary Communication Analysis â€Å"We want freedom by any means necessary. We want justice by any means necessary. We want equality by any means necessary.† This famous quote was spoken by African-American Muslim and human rights activist Malcolm X in June of 1964. At this period of time America was going through the era of segregation and the civil rights movement so leaders like Malcolm X wished to bring blacks together to form strong organizations for change. Throughout

Accounting and Finance Australian Retail Company

Question: Describe about the Accounting and Finance for Australian Retail Company. Answer: Summary Woolworths ltd is an Australian retail company listed on the ASX, and has more than 3000 customers diversified across New Zealand and Australia. In terms of revenue, it is regarded as the second largest company after Wesfarmers ltd. Furthermore, it functions with 3729 stores across New Zealand and Australia that aims to serve premium quality services to their customers, under brands like Woolworths, Foodtown, Thomas Dux, and Countdown. Its primary activities comprise of supermarkets under Woolworths brand and Countdown brand, liquor retailing, pubs and hotels under the (ALH Group) Australian Leisure and Hospitality Group, and discount department stores (Knight, 2014). It also provides home improvement services including procurement of improvement of home goods. In relation to performance, Woolworths delivered a 0.1% enhancement in net profit after tax in 2015, reporting at $2453.3 million. However, it represented a decline in sales by 0.2% due to alterations in Woolworths-Caltex alli ance (Woolworths Limited, 2015). If sales of petrol were to be ignored, its sales depicted an increment of 2.5% in 2015 compared to the last year. As a result, it also declared a 1.5% increment in its dividend per share (DPS) to 139 cents in 2015, up from 137 cents in 2014. Board of Directors Name Age Gender Education Career history Gordon Cairns Male MA (Hons) (Edin) Cairns has held Australian and international experience as CEO of Lion Nathan Ltd, senior management positions in marketing, senior executive, and finance with Nestle, Cadbury, and PepsiCo. Grant OBrien Male Completed Advanced Management Program from Harvard Grant started as an accountant in Tasmania, wherein he was appointed CEO and MD. He also held roles of CEO Designate, Deputy CEO, COO Australian Food and Petrol, General Manger, Marketing and Merchandise Manager etc. He is also a director of Consumer Goods Forum and Avner Nahmani Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund. Jillian Rosemary Broadbent Female Jillian has a Bachelor of Arts degree (math majors and economics). Jillian is a member of Risk Management, Audit, Compliance, and Nomination Committee since February 2011. She is the Chair of the Swiss Re Life and Health Australia Ltds Board, Chancellor of Wollongong University, and Chair of Clean Energy Finance Corporation. She has also served as a director of ASX Ltd, Qantas Airways Ltd, Coca-Cola Amatil Ltd etc. Christine Cross Female Cross has a BEd (Bachelor Education) and MSc in Food Science together with a management diploma. Christine started her executive career with Tesco Plc. She has experienced the role of Consumer Advisor and Chief Retail and was a member of PwC advisory board. Carla Hrdlicka Female Carla has a BA (Hons) degree in Maths and Economics together with a MBA degree. Carla is a member of the Nomination and People Policy Committee. She is the CEO of Jetstar Group but before such position, she was the Qantas Group Executive of Strategy, Technology, and Transformation. Before her executive career, she was a senior partner with Bain and Company, a management-consulting firm. Earlier she ran consumer-products businesses in the marketing and publishing industries. Allan Douglas Mackay Male Allan holds a BBA degree (Bachelor of Business Administration) Allan had a long career with the Kelloggs company as the CEO and president. He was also the member of Kelloggs board and global leadership team. Furthermore, he was a non-executive chairperson and independent director of Beam, Inc, Former Director and board member of Australias Grocery manufacturers, and MD of Sara Lee Bakery. Scott Redvers Perkins Male Perkins has a degree of Bachelor of Laws (Hons) and Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) from Auckland University Perkins was recently Head of Corporate Finance for Deutsche Bank New Zealand and Australia. He was also a member of the Asia Pacific Corporate and Investment Bank Management Committee. Michael James Ullmer Male Michael pursues a BSc (Maths) (Hons) degree from University of Sussex James started as a Deputy Group Chief Executive at NAB (National Australia Bank). Before joining NAB, he was the CFO and then Group Executive at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Before this, he was a partner at Coopers and Lybrand and KPMG. From the above table, the characteristics of the Board are that most of them pursue a history of relationship with different companies prior to working in Woolworths. Furthermore, the Board possesses huge demonstrated leadership skills that assist in better operational effectiveness. Due to their impeccable character and prior business experience, they are able to contribute towards the well-being of the company (Choi Meek, 2011). Few board members even pursue strong banking experience that assists in providing a strong commitment to the bank. Corporate Governance Recommendations of ASX Corporate Governance Council Recommendations Principles Recommendation 1. Act ethically and responsibly The company must possess a code of conduct for all its members and disclose such code in summary to them. 2. Safeguard integrity in corporate reporting The Board must have an audit committee that must undertake a key role in corporate reporting. If the board does not have an audit committee, it must independently verify and safeguard the integrity of its reporting. 3. Make balanced and timely disclosure Company must have a written policy for adhering to its regular obligations under the listing rules and it must make ways to disclose such policy to all its members. The auditor of Woolworths Ltd in the year 2015 is Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. During the year 2015, these auditors have not only performed their assigned regulatory duties, but have also assisted in performing certain other kinds of services that is non-audit services (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Besides, even the board of Woolworths is also satisfied that performing such services in addition to their statutory responsibilities have not compromised their independence requirements set in the Corporations Act 2001 or as set out in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Other auditors comprise of international associates of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. The remuneration received by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu in the year 2015 for review or audit of the financial report stands at $2518000, for compliance and regulatory associated services $13,000, for non-audit related services $687,000, and for tax compliance services $85,000 (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Furthermore, other auditors of Woolworths received $172,000 for review or audit of financial reports, $525,000 for other non-audit associated services, and $101,000 for tax compliance related services. This makes the total remuneration of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu and its international associates report at $4101000 in the year 2015 ($3303000 + $798000). Throughout the process of audit, external auditors add credibility to the financial statements of the management that permits investors, creditors, bankers, and owners to utilize them with greater confidence. Furthermore, such auditors are entrusted with attaining a thorough understanding of the operations, environment, and internal controls of the company (Albrecht et. al, 2011). After thorough understanding, external auditors prepare ways to collect evidence in order to form an opinion regarding the financial statements. However, it is notable that this can be achieved only if there is no lack of independence because lack of independence restricts an external auditor to address the audit problems that in turn minimizes the assurance and credibility of an external audit. Financial statement analysis Ratio Formula Woolworths Limited-2015 Woolworths Limited-2014 PROFITABILITY RATIO Return on Assets Ratio Net Income 2137.4 = 0.084 8.4% 2458.4 = 0.102 10.2% Total Assets 25336.8 24136.5 Net Profit Margin Ratio Net Income 2137.4 = 0.035 3.5% 2458.4 = 0.040 4% Sales 60679.1 60772.8 Gross Profit Margin ratio Gross Profit 16688.6 = 0.275 16447.6 = 0.271 Sales 60679.1 60679.1 LIQUIDITY RATIO Current Ratio Current Assets 7660.9 = 0.836 7106.1 = 0.949 Current Liabilities 9168.6 7489.5 Quick Ratio Quick Assets* 7660.9-4872.2-9.9 = 0.303 7106.1-4693.2-13.2 = 0.320 Current Liabilities 9168.6 7489.5 SOLVENCY RATIO Debt to Equity ratio Total Liabilities 14204.8 = 0.561 13611.1 = 0.564 Total Assets 25336.8 24136.5 Return on Equity Net income 2146 = 0.197 2452 = 0.208 Shareholders equity 10834.2 10252.5 EFFICIENCY RATIO Inventory turnover ratio Sales 60679.1 = 12.69 60772.8 = 13.66 Average inventory 4693.2+4872.2/2 4205.4+4693.2/2 Accounts receivable turnover sales 60679.1 = 61.693 60772.8 = 62.318 Average accounts receivable 965.2+1001.9/2 985.2+965.2/2 Asset turnover Sales 60679.1 = 2.395 60772.8 = 2.52 Total assets 25336.8 24136.5 Liquidity Ratio Liquidity ratio assists in depicting the company skills in meeting its debt obligations. The most common acceptable current ratio is 2:1 while the most commonly acceptable quick ratio is 1:1. From the above table, it is identifiable that both these ratios have depicted a decline when compared to the last year (Northington, 2011). This signifies poor liquidity position prevailing in the company and therefore, it is highly required that it must take proper corrective actions to get rid of such crunch. Profitability Ratio This ratio assists in determining how effectively the company is utilizing its assets for generating profits in future (Graham Smart, 2012). From the above table, it is observable that the return on assets ratio has depicted a decline in comparison to the last year that indicates the company has not effectively utilized its assets and therefore, the management must give due attention towards it (Parrino et. al, 2012). Furthermore, the net profit margins have also witnessed a decline in comparison to the last year due to immense competition from competitors like Wesfarmers ltd. Therefore, due to significant drop in sales, the net profit margin also declined. In contrast to this, Woolworths have improved its financial health in comparison to the last year and it is evident from the slight increase in its gross profit margin ratio. Solvency Ratio From the above table, observable that the debt to equity ratio of the company has declined indicates lesser debt utilized by the company while the return on equity ratio has also declined (Williams, 2012). This means that the company has utilized more of investors financing in the year 2015 but it has failed to utilize such funds effectively, thereby leading to various problems in future. Efficiency Ratio From the above figures, it is observable that the inventory turnover ratio, asset turnover ratio, and accounts receivable turnover ratio have significantly declined in the current year. A decline in inventory turnover ratio of the company indicates that Woolworths is holding its inventories for more period than it used to hold before (Horngren, 2013). Furthermore, decline in accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates that Woolworths has significantly failed to collect its dues from the customers, thereby resulting in crunch of cash and working capital management. Distribution of major shareholders Name Number of FPO Shares HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited 207,407,841 JP Morgan Nominees Australia Limited 128,923,967 National Nominees Limited 123,973,450 Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited 43,557,520 BNP Paribas Noms Pty Ltd 35,391,163 HSBC Custody Nominees (Australia) Limited 8,265,514 Citicorp Nominees Pty Limited 7,997,012 AMP Life Limited 6,407,380 Australian Foundation Investment Company Limited 5,595,000 RBC Investor Services Australia Nominees Pty Limited 5,115,620 Woolworths Custodian Pty Ltd 4,509,791 Argo Investments Limited 4,133,026 BNP Paribas Nominees Pty Ltd 3,673,219 UBS Wealth Management Australia Nominees Pty Ltd 3,461,113 UBS Nominees Pty Ltd 3,313,592 Questor Financial Services Limited 3,036,845 Milton Corporation Limited 2,903,973 Navigator Australia Ltd 2,888,661 RBC Investor Services Australia Nominees Pty Limited 2,332,146 Nulis Nominees (Australia) Limited 2,175,760 Significance of ownership stake The above-mentioned shareholders have proved to be a significant tool in the alignment of managements interest and firm ownership. Furthermore, these shareholders play a key role in the performance of Woolworths as they contribute for its effectiveness of corporate sector and the development of economy as a whole (Davies Crawford, 2012). This in turn assists in the efficient utilization of assets within the company because these shareholders are the efficient monitors and with their ownership stake can force the management to operate according to their will. This permits them to overturn or veto decisions made by the present board members of the company (Woolworths Limited, 2015). Moreover, since these shareholders do not hold more than 50% shares of the company, this relationship between the company and shareholders is irreversible. In the event of acquisition or merger, such major stakeholders also gain an advantage to enhance their stake of shareholding in the new company (Heffer nan, 2015). This implies that, in case of a strategic merger that involves swap of shares, these major shareholders gain a significant opportunity to structure the deal in such a manner that they continue to pursue majority of voting power in the new formed entity. Conclusion From the above report, it is clear that Woolsworth has faced acute problem in its operations and is evident from the poor recoding of ratios. The liquidity ratio is poor and is a strong alert for the management. Similarly, decline in asset turnover ratio portrays that the company is not growing into its capacity. On a whole, Woolworths is in a critical situation and must take corrective actions immediately. References Albrecht, W., Stice, E. Stice, J 2011, Financial accounting, Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western. Brealey, R., Myers, S. Allen, F 2011, Principles of corporate finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Choi, R.D. Meek, G.K 2011, International accounting, Pearson . Davies, T. Crawford, I 2012, Financial accounting, Harlow, England: Pearson. Heffernan, M 2015, Pay deals imminent for supermarket giants Coles and Woolworths, viewed 19 October 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/pay-deals-imminent-for-supermarket-giants-coles-and-woolworths-20150427-1mu42b.html Graham, J. Smart, S 2012, Introduction to corporate finance, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Australia Group. Knight, E 2014, Woolworths losing the two-horse race as Coles takes decisive lead, viewed 19 October 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/business/comment-and-analysis/woolworths-losing-the-twohorse-race-as-coles-takes-decisive-lead-20141104-11gnkj.html. Northington, S 2011, Finance, New York, NY: Ferguson's. Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. Bates, T 2012, Fundamentals of corporate finance, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Woolworths Limited 2015, Woolworths Limited Annual Report and accounts 2015, viewed 19 October 2016, https://www.asx.com.au/asx/research/company.do#!/WOWhttps://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/.